Hydatidosis has a worldwide distribution and is endemic in some parts of the world such as Australia, North Africa, and the Middle East. Given the considerable economic losses due to hydatidosis in the public health and livestock sector, this emerging and re-emerging disease is considered as one of the major health and economic concerns. The importance of the disease in humans is due to the involvement of vital organs such as the liver, lungs, while in domestic livestock and cattle, it is due to the significant economic loss. The clinical symptoms of hydatidosis in humans and livestock depend on the number, size, and location of the formed cysts. This, in turn, causes its components to reach other tissues through bloodstream, causing severe and even fatal diseases. Īlthough the infection of carnivores with the mature stage of the worm does not cause a particular problem, the establishment of larvae (cyst) in various organs, especially the liver and lungs, and sometimes brain, heart and spinal cord of the intermediate host, like humans, cause hydatidosis, However, rupture of a cyst results in trauma and physical internal injury, and can also cause more severe complications. Livestock are infected by eating these eggs through water, food, and vegetables, after which the hydatid cysts form in their bodies. In the evolutionary cycle of this parasite, wild and domestic carnivores especially dogs are the final host, with herbivores being the intermediate hosts of this parasite and humans are accidental intermediate hosts. granulosus is a cyclophyllid cestode and belongs to the Echinococcus genus it includes 10 main genotypes (G1-G10), Sheep strain (G1), Tasmanian sheep strain (G2), Buffalo strain (G3), Horse strain (G4), Cattle strain (G5), Camel strain (G6), Pig strain (G7) and Cervid strain (G8), human polish strain (G9), and Fennoscanadian cervid strains (G10). Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, a 3-7 mm worm in dog’s intestine, where the worm’s eggs are dispersed in the environment by the infected dog’s stool.
ConclusionĪccording to the results of this study and the relatively high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered livestock in Iran, health policy makers should make effective decisions in this regard, and implement careful inspections and interventions by experts and health authorities. The results of the meta-regression analysis indicate the increasing trend of the hydatid cyst prevalence with the increase of sample size and publication year ( P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered livestock in Iran is 13.9% (95%CI: 10.7–17.7%). The results of publication bias in studies were evaluated by the Egger test, which were not statistically significant ( P = 0.144). The heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using the I 2 test which value was 99% showing a high heterogeneity in the studies.
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Data analysis was conducted within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA) v.3.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA) and Arc map (ArcGIS 10.3) software. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I 2 index. As a result, 31 articles published from April 1970 to April 2020 were selected. The SID & Magiran, MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with a view to selecting relevant research works. The present study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, this systematic and meta-analytic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered livestock in Iran. Hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease and has a great general and economic health importance in both developed and developing countries.
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